高中語法專練：viii. 分詞的時態和語態形式

所屬教程:全新高中英語語法專練

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2020年07月12日

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viii. 分詞的時態和語態形式

1. 分詞的時態：反映出分詞動作與全句謂語動詞的動作之間的先后關系

1）一般式：分詞表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生（幾乎同時）或表示正在發生。兩個動作同時發生時，也可用“when/while +分詞結構”。

Arriving at the station , he found the train. (幾乎同時)

到了火車站他就找到了火車。

The students sitting in this classroom are having English contest. (同時)

坐在教室里的學生正在進行英語競賽。

The man planting trees in front of the building is our class teacher. (進行)

在樓前面植樹的那個人是我們的班主任。

Don't talk while eating .

吃飯的時候不要講話。

When leaving , she waved to everyone of us.

離開的時候，她向我們大家揮手致意。

2）完成式：分詞所表示的動作發生在句中謂語所表示的動作之前。作定語時直接用過去分詞，表示動作已完成，并具有被動含義。

Not having tried his best , he failed in the exam.

因為沒有盡力而為，他考試失敗了。

The boy saved by a soldier came to himself soon.

被一位戰士救出的那個男孩不久就蘇醒了。

Having been beaten seriously, the enemy ran away in all directions.

被痛打之后，敵人四處逃竄。

2. 分詞的語態：如果分詞的邏輯主語是動作的承受者，就要用被動式。

1）一般被動式表示正在進行的被動動作。

The questions being discussed at the meeting are of great importance.

會議上正在被討論的問題很重要。

Being asked to give a performance , she couldn't refuse it.

當被請求進行表演的時候，她不好意思拒絕。

In those days, they often went to the bank to watch the ship being loaded and unloaded .

在那些日子，他們經常去河岸觀看船只裝卸。

2）完成被動式強調分詞表示的被動動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作發生。

Having been warned about typhoon , the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.

被警告有臺風之后漁民們向最近的港口駛去。

Not having been invited to the ball , she felt very angry.

由于沒有被邀請參加舞會，她感到很生氣。

Having been given such a good chance , how could he let it slip away?

給了如此好的一個機會，他怎么能讓它溜掉呢？

The decision having been made , the next problem was how to make a good plan.

決定已經做出了，下一個問題是如何制定一個好計劃。

3. 分詞的獨立結構——垂懸分詞：當分詞的邏輯主語不是主句的主語，而且在句中垂懸無依時，就是所謂的垂懸分詞。這些分詞已經成為固定的形式，使用時不必考慮其邏輯主語。其結構經常用來作插入語, 常見的有：generally speaking, frankly speaking, talking of, speaking of, strictly speaking, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration等

Judging from his face , he must be ill.

從他的臉色判斷，他一定生病了。

Generally speaking , it doesn't snow in winter in Shanghai.

一般說來，上海冬天不會下雪。

Judging from his accent , he came from America.

從他的口音判斷，他來自美國。

Taking everything into consideration , this article was good.

若把一切都考慮在內，這篇文章不錯的。

專項練習

1. _______ by the police, the kidnappers had nothing to do but _______ up.

A. Surrounding; to give

B. Having surrounded; give